1. Shahada (Declaration of Faith)
The Shahada is the testimony of faith: “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” It is the first and most important pillar, marking one’s entry into Islam and affirming monotheism and prophethood.
2. Salah (Prayer)
Muslims perform five daily prayers to maintain a strong spiritual connection with Allah. These prayers purify the heart and remind believers of their purpose and duties throughout the day.
3. Zakat (Charity)
Zakat is the obligation to give a portion (usually 2.5%) of one’s wealth to the needy. It purifies wealth, reduces inequality, and helps support the well-being of the Muslim community.
4. Sawm (Fasting)
During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to sunset, abstaining from food, drink, and bad behavior. It promotes self-discipline, spiritual reflection, and empathy for the less fortunate.
5. Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Hajj is a once-in-a-lifetime journey to Makkah, required for all Muslims who are physically and financially able. It symbolizes unity, humility, and submission to Allah, and commemorates the trials of Prophet Ibrahim and his family.